Universal Banking and Green Banking Notes

OTHERS EXTRA QUESTION

1. What is Universal Banking ?
2. Models of Universal Banking.
3. Important of Universal Banking.
4. Advantages and Disadvantages of Universal Banking.
5. How B&FIS should implement Universal Banking in Nepal.
6. What is Green Banking and Practices of Green Banking System.
7. Explain the emerging banking trends as well as the concept of Green Banking.

• What is Universal Banking ?

Concept develop in 1990 and world widely, it was used.

Universal Banking is the systematic process of providing all types of financial services like banking services, insurance services, capital market services, fund management services for the both individuals and institution under one roof is called universal banking.

By combining/collaboration of the banking services with the insurance (bancasurrance), collaboration of banking services with capital market parties like: Broker Institution, Mutual Funds, Portfolio Management, Demate, Meroshare etc.

• Models of Universal Banking:

1. Complete Integration.
2. The main bank will make the non banking organization and subsidiary company.
3. Joint venture by the both banking and non banking services providers.

• Important/Advantages of Universal Banking:

1. All the B&FIS services in single roof.
2. Cost of acquisition for customer will be very low because of existing customer based available.
3. Effective utilization of banks resources.
4. Diversification of product and services.
5. Competitive advantages
6. Easy for branding and marketing.

• Disadvantages of Universal Banking:

1. Difficulty in Monitoring and Managing of the services as well as implementation of policy regarding that.
2. Too big chances too fail
3. Banks monopoly and unhealthy competitions among B&FIS
4. Increase in administrative workload and pressure to employees.

• How B&FIS should implement Universal Banking in Nepal.

1. B&FIS should expand or adopt the concept of universal banking as per their capabilities like financial, technical capabilities, possibility of organisation expansion or not? Risk management, regulatory requirement etc.
2. Should get approval from NRB, insurance board, securities exchange board of Nepal, for universal banking.
   1. Should have the continuously coordination between NRB, Insurance Board, SEBON.
3. Banks should formulated policies and directives regarding the Universal Banking Services.
4. B&FIS should also formulated the Strategy to tracked with the Risk areas like : Systematic Risk, Operational Risk, Technology Risk etc. Because too big can causes too fail.

• What is Green Banking and Practices of Green Banking System?

Green banking is a set of practices which are adopted by B&FIS for promoting environmental friendly practices and reducing the carbon foot print from banking activities.

Practices of Green banking system are:

1. Investment in renewable energy project
2. Providing green loan and electric vehicle loan
3. Issued green bond related with friendly environment project.
4. Promotion of paperless banking activities.
5. Developing the concept of Neo banking. (virtual branches )

• Explain the Emerging Banking Trends as well as the concept of Green Banking.

1. Digital Transformation
2. Artificial Intelligence (AI), AGI
3. Block Chain and Cryptocurrencies, Digital Currencies:
   • Secured transactions.
   • Improved transparency
   • Reduce settlement time
4. Personalised banking
5. Cyber securities and Data Privacy
6. E-Kyc & Biometric
7. Voice Banking and Chat-bots.

IN NEPALI

अन्य अतिरिक्त प्रश्न

1. युनिभर्सल बैंकिङ के हो?

2. विश्वव्यापी बैंकिङ को मोडेल।

3. विश्वव्यापी बैंकिङको महत्त्वपूर्ण।

4. युनिभर्सल बैंकिङका फाइदा र बेफाइदाहरू।

5. B&FIS ले नेपालमा युनिभर्सल बैंकिङ कसरी लागू गर्नुपर्छ।

6. ग्रीन बैंकिङ भनेको के हो र हरित बैंकिङ प्रणालीको अभ्यासहरू।

7. उदीयमान बैंकिङ प्रवृत्तिका साथै हरित बैंकिङको अवधारणाको व्याख्या गर्नुहोस्।

• युनिभर्सल बैंकिङ भनेको के हो?

सन् १९९० मा अवधारणाको विकास भयो र विश्वभर यसको प्रयोग भयो।

युनिभर्सल बैंकिङ भनेको व्यक्ति र संस्था दुवैका लागि बैंकिङ सेवा, बीमा सेवा, पुँजी बजार सेवा, कोष व्यवस्थापन सेवा जस्ता सबै प्रकारका वित्तीय सेवाहरू एउटै छानामुनि उपलब्ध गराउने व्यवस्थित प्रक्रियालाई विश्वव्यापी बैंकिङ भनिन्छ।

बैंकिङ सेवालाई बीमा (बैंकासुरेन्स) सँग संयोजन/सहयोग गरेर, पूँजी बजारका पक्षहरू जस्तै: ब्रोकर इन्स्टिच्युसन, म्युचुअल फण्ड, पोर्टफोलियो व्यवस्थापन, डेमेट, मेरोशेयर आदिसँग बैंकिङ सेवाको सहकार्य।

• विश्वव्यापी बैंकिङका मोडेलहरू:

1. पूर्ण एकीकरण।

2. मुख्य बैंकले गैर बैंकिङ संस्था र सहायक कम्पनी बनाउनेछ।

3. बैंकिङ र गैर बैंकिङ सेवा प्रदायक दुवै द्वारा संयुक्त उद्यम।

• युनिभर्सल बैंकिङका महत्त्वपूर्ण/लाभहरू:

1. सबै B&FIS सेवाहरू एकल छानामा।

2. अवस्थित ग्राहक आधारित उपलब्ध भएका कारण ग्राहकको लागि प्राप्तिको लागत धेरै कम हुनेछ।

3. बैंक स्रोतहरूको प्रभावकारी उपयोग।

4. उत्पादन र सेवाहरूको विविधीकरण।

5. प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक लाभहरू

6. ब्रान्डिङ र मार्केटिङको लागि सजिलो।

• विश्वव्यापी बैंकिङका बेफाइदाहरू:

1. सेवाहरूको अनुगमन र व्यवस्थापनका साथै त्यससम्बन्धी नीतिको कार्यान्वयनमा कठिनाइ।

2. धेरै ठूला अवसरहरू पनि असफल

3. B&FIS बीच बैंकहरूको एकाधिकार र अस्वस्थ प्रतिस्पर्धा

4. प्रशासनिक कार्यभार र कर्मचारीहरु को दबाब मा वृद्धि।

• B&FIS ले नेपालमा युनिभर्सल बैंकिङ कसरी लागू गर्नुपर्छ।

1. B&FIS ले वित्तीय, प्राविधिक क्षमता, संगठन विस्तारको सम्भावना जस्ता आफ्नो क्षमता अनुसार विश्वव्यापी बैंकिङको अवधारणालाई विस्तार वा अपनाउनुपर्छ कि पर्दैन? जोखिम व्यवस्थापन, नियामक आवश्यकता आदि।

2. युनिभर्सल बैंकिङका लागि नेपाल राष्ट्र बैंक, बीमा बोर्ड, धितोपत्र विनिमय बोर्डबाट स्वीकृति लिनुपर्छ।

क) राष्ट्र बैंक, बीमा बोर्ड, सेबोन बीच निरन्तर समन्वय हुनुपर्छ।

3.बैंकहरूले विश्वव्यापी बैंकिङ सेवाहरू सम्बन्धी नीति र निर्देशनहरू तर्जुमा गर्नुपर्छ।

4. B&FIS ले जोखिम क्षेत्रहरू जस्तै: प्रणालीगत जोखिम, परिचालन जोखिम, टेक्नोलोजी जोखिम आदिसँग ट्र्याक गर्ने रणनीति पनि तयार गर्नुपर्छ। किनभने धेरै ठूलो कारणले पनि असफल हुन सक्छ।

• ग्रीन बैंकिङ र हरित बैंकिङ प्रणालीको अभ्यास के हो?

ग्रीन बैंकिङ भनेको वातावरणमैत्री अभ्यासहरू प्रवर्द्धन गर्न र बैंकिङ गतिविधिहरूबाट कार्बन फुट प्रिन्ट घटाउन B&FIS द्वारा अपनाइएका अभ्यासहरूको सेट हो।

• हरित बैंकिङ प्रणालीको अभ्यासहरू निम्न हुन्:

I. नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा परियोजनामा लगानी

२. हरित कर्जा र विद्युतीय सवारी साधन ऋण उपलब्ध गराउने

III. मैत्री वातावरण परियोजनासँग सम्बन्धित हरित बन्धन जारी गरियो।

IV. कागजविहीन बैंकिङ गतिविधिहरूको प्रवर्द्धन।

V. नियो बैंकिङको अवधारणाको विकास गर्दै। (भर्चुअल शाखाहरू)

• उदीयमान बैंकिङ प्रवृत्तिका साथै हरित बैंकिङको अवधारणाको व्याख्या गर्नुहोस्।

1. डिजिटल रूपान्तरण

2. कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता (AI), AGI

३.ब्लक चेन र क्रिप्टोकरन्सी, डिजिटल मुद्राहरू:

क) सुरक्षित लेनदेन

ख) सुधारिएको पारदर्शिता

ग) बसोबासको समय घटाउनुहोस्

4. निजीकृत बैंकिङ

5. साइबर सुरक्षा र डाटा गोपनीयता

6.E-Kyc र बायोमेट्रिक

7. भ्वाइस बैंकिङ र च्याट-बट्स।